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> Mirror of <https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/covar-samp.html> (Salesforce, Data 360 Query Guide), read 2026-10-23. Salesforce's own page is the authority; this copy exists because that site refuses non-browser readers.

# `COVAR_SAMP`

**Applies to:** ✅ Data 360 SQL ✅ Tableau Hyper API

Computes the sample covariance between two sets of values.

*   `<Y>`: A `double precision` expression.
*   `<X>`: A `double precision` expression.

Returns a `double precision` value representing the sample covariance. Returns NULL if the computation is meaningless.

*   Returns NULL if there are fewer than two rows where both X and Y are non-null.
*   Sample covariance uses N-1 in the denominator (Bessel’s correction).
*   Use `COVAR_POP` for population covariance.

Find the sample covariance between two variables.

Calculate covariance for each group.

*   [COVAR_POP](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/covar-pop.html)
*   [CORR](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/corr.html)
*   [Aggregate Functions](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/aggregate.html)

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